The signing of the agreement between the Vatican and China marked a significant shift in Church–State relations, ending a long-standing period of hostility. However, this diplomatic breakthrough has had mixed consequences for local religious affairs officials, many of whom now find themselves uncertain about their roles and responsibilities.

Previously, these officials were tasked with monitoring and reporting on the activities of clergy. Since the agreement, however, the central government has shown less interest in these reports, leading to a perceived reduction in the officials’ influence and purpose. For many, this has resulted in decreased morale. Yet, some officials have responded proactively, seeking alternative methods to maintain control over religious institutions. One such measure has been the enforcement of regulations prohibiting minors from entering churches—a policy that existed in principle but had rarely been implemented due to practical challenges.

Attitudes among religious affairs personnel vary widely. While some have adapted to the new direction, others continue to treat Church leaders with undue suspicion or hostility. In certain regions, parishes are still subjected to stringent oversight, often as a result of individual officials’ biases against the Catholic Church rather than any directive from higher authorities.

Despite these challenges, the Vatican–China agreement offers an important opportunity for collaboration. The case of the Qiqihar Diocese during the COVID-19 pandemic serves as a positive example. Local Catholics there became active volunteers, offering services to those in need—demonstrating the potential for the Church to contribute meaningfully to society.

To build on this progress, it is recommended that the central government issue updated guidelines to religious affairs officials. These should encourage cooperation with the Catholic Church in promoting social welfare. One practical initiative could be the establishment of church-based outreach offices aimed at supporting individuals who struggle not with material poverty or mental illness, but with a lack of direction and life purpose.

These individuals—though financially stable and mentally sound—often suffer from dissatisfaction rooted in misplaced values. The Church can help by fostering virtues such as empathy, family responsibility, selflessness, and community involvement.

Lastly, while some officials view the Vatican–China agreement as a threat to their professional relevance, a new, constructive framework would offer them the opportunity to remain engaged and impactful. By facilitating meaningful partnerships between the Church and broader society, religious affairs personnel can continue to play a vital role in the moral and cultural development of the nation.